當前位置:新聞中心
行業資訊
1. 零(ling)線斷(duan)線構(gou)成的照(zhao)明線路毛病
零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)構成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)平衡景象常會構成(cheng)在(zai)高電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)相中正(zheng)在(zai)運用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)損壞,在(zai)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)負荷一(yi)側的(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)口處將呈現對地電(dian)壓(ya)。為防(fang)止(zhi)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)構成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)照明線(xian)(xian)(xian)路毛病和家(jia)(jia)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)損壞,零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)應選用(yong)與相線(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)樣截面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)導線(xian)(xian)(xian),并應進行(xing)牢靠的(de)(de)(de)銜(xian)接(jie)。一(yi)起也可在(zai)進戶線(xian)(xian)(xian)處和在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)尾處施行(xing)重(zhong)復接(jie)地。零(ling)線(xian)(xian)(xian)萬一(yi)斷(duan)(duan)線(xian)(xian)(xian),三相電(dian)源可通過重(zhong)復接(jie)地裝(zhuang)置(zhi)與大地構成(cheng)回路,防(fang)止(zhi)變成(cheng)事端。
關(guan)于零線(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)線(xian)(xian)毛病的查(cha)看(kan)處理,要查(cha)看(kan)零線(xian)(xian)上是不是接(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)刀開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、熔斷(duan)(duan)器等元(yuan)器件,如(ru)有(you)(you),應悉(xi)數(shu)撤除并將零線(xian)(xian)進(jin)行(xing)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)牢靠銜接(jie)(jie)(jie)。查(cha)看(kan)零線(xian)(xian)的銜接(jie)(jie)(jie)點有(you)(you)無斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)、松動、觸摸不良,有(you)(you)無因勁風或(huo)別的機(ji)械因素(su)致使零線(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)線(xian)(xian)的情況。
2. 照明線路(lu)(lu)短路(lu)(lu)毛(mao)病(bing)
短(duan)路(lu)毛病表現(xian)為:熔斷(duan)器熔體熔斷(duan),并(bing)在(zai)短(duan)路(lu)處有顯著(zhu)燒(shao)痕、絕緣炭化(hua),嚴峻的(de)會(hui)使導線絕緣層燒(shao)焦,甚至致使火災。呈現(xian)短(duan)路(lu)毛病的(de)多見因素如下:
1)裝置(zhi)不符合請求,多股(gu)導線(xian)未捻緊、涮(shuan)錫,壓接不緊,有毛刺。
2)相(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)、零線(xian)壓接松(song)動(dong),間隔過近(jin),遇到(dao)某些外力,使其(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)碰構成相(xiang)(xiang)對零短路(lu)或相(xiang)(xiang)間短路(lu)。
3)惡劣氣候,如勁(jing)風,使(shi)絕(jue)緣支持物損(sun)壞,導線彼此磕碰、沖突(tu),使(shi)導線絕(jue)緣損(sun)壞,呈(cheng)現短路;雨(yu)天,電氣設備防(fang)水設備損(sun)壞,雨(yu)水進入電氣設備構(gou)成短路。
4)電(dian)氣(qi)設備所在環(huan)境有很多導(dao)電(dian)塵土(tu),若防(fang)塵設備選用不妥或損壞(huai),導(dao)電(dian)塵土(tu)落到電(dian)氣(qi)設備中,構成短路毛(mao)病(bing)。
5)人為(wei)因素,如土建施(shi)工時將(jiang)導線、開關箱(xiang)、配(pei)電(dian)盤等(deng)臨時移動方位(wei),處理不(bu)妥,施(shi)工時誤碰架空(kong)線或挖土時挖傷土中電(dian)纜等(deng)。
短路毛(mao)病的查(cha)(cha)找通常是采用(yong)分(fen)支路、分(fen)段與(yu)重點部(bu)位查(cha)(cha)看(kan)相結合(he)的辦法,利用(yong)試燈法進(jin)行查(cha)(cha)看(kan)。
3. 照明線路斷路毛病(bing)
照明線(xian)路(lu)斷(duan)路(lu)毛病發生(sheng)后,負荷(he)將不能正常作業。線(xian)路(lu)斷(duan)路(lu)的多(duo)見(jian)因素(su)如下:
1)負荷過大(da)使熔絲燒(shao)斷。
2)開關觸點松動(dong)、觸摸(mo)不良。
3)導(dao)線(xian)接頭(tou)處(chu)壓(ya)接不(bu)實、觸摸電阻(zu)過大(da)構成(cheng)有些發熱(re)并致使銜接處(chu)氧化(hua),特別是銅鋁導(dao)線(xian)相接時無過渡(du)接頭(tou)致使接頭(tou)處(chu)嚴峻腐蝕。
4)惡劣氣候和人為(wei)因素等(deng)。
查(cha)找(zhao)斷(duan)路毛病時可(ke)用(yong)試(shi)電筆(bi)、萬用(yong)表等進行(xing)測驗,分段查(cha)找(zhao)與重點(dian)部位查(cha)看相結合。對較長線路可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)對分法查(cha)找(zhao)斷(duan)路點(dian)。
4. 照明線路漏電毛病(bing)
照(zhao)明線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)主要是(shi)因為相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與零線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)間(jian)(jian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)受潮氣侵襲或被污染構(gou)成(cheng)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)良,發生(sheng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與零線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)間(jian)(jian)的(de)漏(lou)電(dian);相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與零線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)受到外力損傷(shang),而構(gou)成(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與地之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)漏(lou)電(dian);線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)長時間(jian)(jian)運行,導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)老化(hua)構(gou)成(cheng)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)漏(lou)電(dian)。查看漏(lou)電(dian)的(de)辦法如下(xia)。
1)用絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻表丈量絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)的(de)巨細,或在(zai)被測線路的(de)總開關上接一(yi)只電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表,斷開負(fu)荷(he)后接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源,如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流表的(de)指針搖擺,闡明有漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),偏轉多(duo),闡明漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大。斷定漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后再進一(yi)步查看。
2)堵截(jie)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)。如(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)指(zhi)(zhi)示不變或(huo)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻不變,闡(chan)明(ming)相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)大(da)地之間漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)指(zhi)(zhi)示回零(ling)或(huo)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻康復正常,闡(chan)明(ming)相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)之間漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)(biao)指(zhi)(zhi)示變小但不為零(ling),或(huo)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻有(you)所增加(jia)但仍不符合(he)請求,闡(chan)明(ming)相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)零(ling)線(xian)(xian)、相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)大(da)地間均有(you)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
3)取下分(fen)(fen)路(lu)熔斷器或擺開分(fen)(fen)路(lu)開關,如(ru)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)指(zhi)示(shi)或絕緣電(dian)阻不(bu)(bu)變,闡明總(zong)線路(lu)漏(lou)電(dian);如(ru)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)指(zhi)針回(hui)零或絕緣電(dian)阻康復正(zheng)常,闡明分(fen)(fen)路(lu)漏(lou)電(dian);如(ru)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)表(biao)指(zhi)示(shi)變小但不(bu)(bu)為零,或絕緣電(dian)阻有(you)所增加(jia)但仍不(bu)(bu)符(fu)合請(qing)求,闡明總(zong)線路(lu)與分(fen)(fen)線路(lu)都有(you)漏(lou)電(dian)。這么能夠斷定漏(lou)電(dian)的規(gui)模(mo)。
4)按上述辦法斷(duan)定漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)路或線(xian)(xian)段(duan)后,再(zai)順次(ci)斷(duan)開(kai)該段(duan)線(xian)(xian)路燈具的(de)(de)開(kai)關,當斷(duan)開(kai)某一處開(kai)關時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)指(zhi)示(shi)回(hui)零或絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)正常,闡明這一分(fen)(fen)支線(xian)(xian)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)指(zhi)示(shi)變小或絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)有(you)所增加,闡明除(chu)這一支線(xian)(xian)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)還有(you)別的(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處;如一切的(de)(de)燈具開(kai)關都斷(duan)開(kai)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)指(zhi)示(shi)不變或絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)不變,闡明該段(duan)干線(xian)(xian)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
5)用上述辦法順次將毛病(bing)縮小到一個較短的線(xian)段后,便(bian)可進一步(bu)查看該段線(xian)路的接頭、接線(xian)盒、電(dian)線(xian)穿墻處(chu)等是(shi)不是(shi)有絕緣損壞情況(kuang),并(bing)進行處(chu)理(li)。
5. 照明電路絕緣電阻下降
電(dian)氣照明線(xian)路(lu)運用年限過(guo)久,絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)老(lao)化,絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)損壞,導線(xian)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層受潮(chao)或磨損等,都(dou)會使絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)下(xia)降(jiang)。應(ying)定期查(cha)看線(xian)路(lu)的絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu),以便發現問題及時(shi)處理。丈量辦法如下(xia)。
1)線間絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)的丈量。首要切除(chu)用電(dian)設備,然后(hou)堵(du)截電(dian)源。用絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)表丈量線間絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)值,應符(fu)合(he)有關請(qing)求,若(ruo)不符(fu)合(he)請(qing)求應進(jin)一步查看(kan)。
2)線對地的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻丈(zhang)量。切除電(dian)(dian)源,并將線路(lu)上的(de)(de)(de)用電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)斷(duan)開(kai),把絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻表(biao)上的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)接(jie)線柱接(jie)到被測的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)條導線上,絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)個(ge)接(jie)線柱接(jie)到自來水管、電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)外(wai)殼或建筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)外(wai)殼等與大地有(you)杰(jie)出觸摸的(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)物(wu)體上,然(ran)后進行丈(zhang)量。
6. 熔斷(duan)器(qi)熔體熔斷(duan)
1)熔(rong)(rong)體(ti)一小(xiao)段熔(rong)(rong)斷。因為(wei)熔(rong)(rong)體(ti)原料較(jiao)軟,裝置過(guo)程(cheng)中簡單碰傷,一起熔(rong)(rong)體(ti)本身也(ye)可(ke)能粗(cu)細不均勻,較(jiao)細處的(de)電阻較(jiao)大,當(dang)過(guo)負荷時首(shou)要從這兒熔(rong)(rong)斷。應替換一樣標準的(de)熔(rong)(rong)體(ti)。
2)熔(rong)體爆(bao)熔(rong),使整(zheng)條熔(rong)體均(jun)被熔(rong)斷(duan)。通常是因為線路上有短路毛病構(gou)成(cheng)的,應找(zhao)出毛病因素,掃除后替換熔(rong)體。
3)熔(rong)體壓接螺釘松動構(gou)成斷路,應在替換熔(rong)體時緊固壓接螺釘。
7. 熔(rong)斷器、刀開關過(guo)熱
1)螺釘(ding)孔上封的火漆熔化,有流動(dong)痕跡。
2)純銅有些外表生成黑色氧化銅并退火變(bian)軟,壓接螺釘焊死(si)無法(fa)松動(dong)。
3)導(dao)線(xian)與刀開關、熔斷(duan)器、接(jie)線(xian)端壓(ya)接(jie)不實;導(dao)線(xian)外表氧化,觸摸不良(liang);鋁導(dao)線(xian)直接(jie)壓(ya)接(jie)在銅接(jie)線(xian)端上,因為電化腐(fu)蝕作用,鋁導(dao)線(xian)被腐(fu)蝕,觸摸電阻變大,呈(cheng)現過(guo)熱,嚴峻時致使(shi)斷(duan)路。
掃一掃二(er)維碼,加我微信(xin)